Great question, let me try to respond.

Yes, Nokia has been around for 160 years and that is no coincidence. We have continuously transformed ourselves and led the industries in which we operate. Nokia mobile phones were a phenomenal success, and they also brought valuable lessons. These included the need to unlearn, to approach innovation with a disruptive mindset, to remain agile, to collaborate effectively, and to stay alert to intensifying competition.

Since then, we have flourished in Networks, becoming a global leader in 4G and 5G, and now focusing on being the strongest innovator and partner for 6G. Our AI journey is also well established, including a strategic partnership with the global leader, NVIDIA.

When we talk about patterns and cyclical trends, success is always a balance between consistency and continuous disruption. The cycles from 2G to 3G, 4G, and 5G are well known, and 6G is on the horizon. However, 6G also brings significant disruption in approach, particularly with the AI-RAN strategy.

Similarly, data is no longer generated primarily for human consumption. Future use cases will increasingly be driven by the immense demands of AI, hyperscalers and data centers. While our core customer segments remain CSPs (Communication Service Providers), we also see strong growth potential with new customer types, including enterprises, mission-critical sectors, and web/cloud providers. As a result, sales cycles are becoming more diverse and complex.

At the same time, the pace of innovation is accelerating. Customers now expect new launches and advancements on a much more frequent basis than before.

I hope this helps. I wish you the best.

11 February, 2026 10:03

Very comprehensive answer. Thank you.

Though I offer a different lens: Is 6G really the core strategic bet, or is it just a means to an end?

When we crossed 4G to 5G, another cycle, that was a genuine inflection point. 5G already has unparalleled latency, at least for real-world use (but what do I know?). Are we solving for actual market needs, or are we caught in a growth narrative that's become disconnected from utility? We don't need 1000 Gbps for the problems we're actually solving. Or do we?

That said, I do respect that Nokia is investing cutting-edge resources into this. It’s been through so many changes disruptions in technology. A great place for innovation to spawn.

And I'm glad you mentioned the AI RAN technologies because I was just reading up on SoftBank’s quiet positioning. Curious to know more about it. I shall look it up.

I appreciate your thoughtfulness and generosity with your time.

12 February, 2026 09:02

Thank you for your feedback, I appreciate it. 6G will be different because the expectations will no longer be limited to human or simple machine-to-machine needs. AI use cases will push network infrastructure expectations way beyond 5G capabilities available today. So, it will not be just another cycle.

21 February, 2026 13:12